Car pooling scheme is effective argue against this statement Essay

Vehicle pooling plan is compelling contend against this announcement - Essay Example While there appear to be numerous focal points to it, immense rundown of weaknesses likewise make it profoundly badly arranged for parcel of individuals. The paper would principally be talking about those setbacks of carpooling. One of the most significant inconveniences is that it extensively limits the opportunity of decision of the individuals who are a piece of carpooling plan. Individuals can just move to and fro between two travel focuses which antagonistically impacts on their autonomy. Promptness is of principal significance since others are likewise included who can't bear to be late a result of one individual. Their impermanent or abrupt difference in itinerary items can't be suited inside the game plan that leaves the individual with the burden of finding or utilizing substitute method of transport at short notification. Without a doubt, the crisis circumstances in such plans are excluded, which can happen whenever and anyplace. Truth be told, it thoroughly neglects to add ress this viewpoint for singular cases. Another significant issue is that of protection of people. The individuals need to forfeit their own space and oblige with the unconventionalities of others. They likewise can't have secret discussion on their versatile or remember their connection or companion for the plan at short notification. A few people likewise have curious propensity or propensities that they don't care for others to know.

Latinos in America Free Essays

What is an American? This is a troublesome inquiry to address, particularly concerning Latinos who just communicate in English. Numerous Latinos in the United States, look at language as a state of high debate. Some consider communicating in spanish a basic piece of being Latino , while others think of it as a boundary that will forestall the absorption into the American culture. We will compose a custom article test on Latinos in America or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Tanya Barrientos, in the same way as other different Latinos, grappled with this very issue as long as she can remember. Growing up as a Latina accompanied numerous generalizations, communicating in Spanish being one of the most negative qualities for Barrientos. As society changed its perspectives and figured out how to acknowledge this decent variety in language, Barrientos figured out how to grasp her legacy. The genuine inquiry exists in her thinking for this adjustment in her observation, however was it for the correct reasons? What makes this nation incredible is that you can be both: A Spanish talking latino that is completely developed in American culture. Being American isn't about the language you talk however about your beliefs and how they fit in the American lifestyle. Numerous Americans don’t understand that the decision in language isn't dictated by the individual yet lies in the decision guardians or parental figures. This decision is one that will frequent people for the remainder of their lives. In Barrientos’ case, her folks concluded it would be best for her to just communicate in English. As Barrientos grew up, she grasped her folks decision, considered this to be a positive attribute, one that separated her from most Latinas. She delighted in challenging desires. Since youth, she felt that communicating in Spanish meant been poor, holding less alluring occupations and separation towards the Latino people group. It is a direct result of this that she delighted in going to a state funded school that pulled in hardly any Latinos, she needed to remove herself from the rest. As she would like to think, not communicating in Spanish gave her an edge over different Latinos and permitted her to effectively fit into the American Anglo society. In her own words, it caused her to feel prevalent and American. Society drove her to need to avoid her legacy and hold onto the blend as a full fledge resident. Preference or generalizations ought not influence the manner in which you feel about your ulture or foundation. On the off chance that society is going to see you in a negative manner on the grounds that the manner in which you look or where you originate from, they will do so paying little mind to what you do. This should make you grasp your legacy and invest heavily in what makes you exceptional. This is particularly obvious when it relates to language, which is something that can't be see by taking a gander at an individual. In Barrientos’ case it didn't bode well to deny a language when society would as of now see the generalization because of ethnicity. In her circumstance, not communicating in Spanish caused her to feel like as though society didn't see her as a Latina, when obviously by the remarks from school staff and in all probability other untold records, it didn’t have any kind of effect. To other people who didn't have any acquaintance with her, she was as yet a Latina, the same than the rest who were Spanish talking. She had almost no compassion or love for different latinos and held many negative perspectives on her own way of life. She attempted to separate herself from the Latino people group however much as could reasonably be expected, and succeeded. In a manner she had become what she was abstaining from, holding bias and obtained a sentiment of prevalence towards Spanish speaking Latinos. Barrientos was worried about mixing in with society, this implied being viewed as â€Å"white†. In her psyche white implied American, you were unable to be American on the off chance that you communicated in Spanish. As she puts it Spanish related you with the extreme considering Mexican-Americans or Afro-Americans. While developing yourself in the general public you live in is sure, can't/denying your way of life isn't the most ideal approach to do it. She drove her way of life away on the grounds that it didn't have anything positive to give her, it would just bring her issues and setback. Barrientos couldn't have cared less to try and be considered Latina. That is the thing that a childish, unreliable individual would do. It wasn’t until society see about Latinos and Spanish changed, that she began relating her way of life to something positive. When the acknowledgment that being Latino and communicating in Spanish was not a negative but rather a positive, she started to change. In her own words the time had come to invest heavily, yet as she puts it, it felt counterfeit, in light of the fact that in a way it was. It wasn’t until she had something to pick up, that she needed to fit in. It appears that is the general subject of her life, continually attempting to fit in, however just when its generally helpful for her. This disposition will never really permit her to have a place. Much subsequent to attempting to learn Spanish, different Latinos notice that she was unique. Her whole life she chipped away at setting up dividers among her and the Latino people group. She outcasted herself for such a long time and afterward thought that it was exceptionally hard to interface with her own locale. I presume it was the language as well as her disposition and aura also. In a general public as intricate as the one in the United States, understand that you can never fit in with the whole populace. On the off chance that you attempt to adjust to what others need, you lose a piece of your independence. It is likewise significant that during the time spent acclimatizing you don't wind up estranging others in your equivalent circumstance. Toward the day's end, you can not change the assumptions that accompany having a place with a particular ethnic gathering, yet you can decide to grasp your way of life and appreciate that piece of your life while as yet developing in the American lifestyle. The most effective method to refer to Latinos in America, Papers

Early Religion Essay

Religion is something novel to a man. It makes us not the same as some other creatures. These days, religion greatly affects man’s life. It one of the central point why man despite everything figure out how to make due in this barbarous and out of line life. It encourages man to continue hanging on particularly in the midst of down. It is something man can incline toward. Be that as it may, those religions we are partnered today are not precisely the same religion in the early occasions. Indeed, even the least difficult religion has an exceptionally perplexing history without a doubt. Religions have created more than a large number of years prior because of its adjustment to natural changes, for example, social and environmental (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 15) Despite the fact that archeologists and anthropologists have discovered remains and of antiquated individuals society, despite everything, confirmations for early religions were difficult to decipher. Compositions were not many in light of the fact that they don’t really write in their occasions. They favored vocal correspondence. Tragic to state however these gave us restricted information on early religions. Be that as it may, their specialties and images some way or another gave little data about their religion. There was likewise transmission of fantasies starting with one age then onto the next. Tales about gods’ relationship with man are normal to each religion. These accounts are legends coming clean about the religion. It assists man with envisioning theoretical ideas (Hopfe and Woodcraft, p. 25). Like each other religion today, early religion likewise has commencement. After legitimate preparing, a man or lady will be started which fill in as the finish of their social union and individual satisfaction (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 31. ). Shamans have a major job in otherworldliness of early religion. They are accepted to have extraordinary forces like mending and facing divine beings. Services and customs that went with chasing and assembling were likewise present (Ellwood and McGraw, p. 49). Early religion, even by one way or another have a ton of contrast with today’s religion, have molded the lives of early individuals. Much the same as today, religion is a piece of their regular daily existences. Whatever the distinctions they may have, religion despite everything have one valid justification for existenceâ€guidance to humankind. References: Ellwood, Robert S. also, McGraw, Barbara A. Numerous Peoples, Many Faiths: Women and Men in the World Religions, Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2002 Hopfe, Lewis M. what's more, Woodcraft, Mark R. Religions of the World, Eighth Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2001

Huckleberry Finn: A Free Spirit Essay -- essays research papers

Huckleberry Finn: A Free Spirit Huckleberry Finn isn't an idealist, yet a free soul who just needs to live profoundly unraveled from the obligations of society. An idealist is somebody who escapes from his/her obligations, while a free soul is an individual who knows no limits, and can't be restrained by society. It might show up from the outset that Huck is a dreamer, for he appreciates not going to class when living with his dad. He escapes from the lodge and his father’s misuse; nonetheless, he escapes from his father’s lodge out of the need of endurance, not on the grounds that he didn’t need to acknowledge obligations. Despite the fact that Huck enjoyed angling and unwinding in the sun during his stay with Pap, it wasn’t the duty that he was getting away, yet the standards that society had forced on him. Huck didn’t mind learning new things and being educated, however he didn't care to get spruced up, to need to go to class, to be respectful and neighborly, and to learn great habits. â€Å"I was somewhat lethargic and carefree, laying off agreeable throughout the day, smoking and fishing†¦and my garments got the opportunity to be all clothes and earth, and I didn’t perceive how I’d ever got the opportunity to like it so well at the w idows where you needed to wash and gobble regular†¦It was truly acceptable occasions up in the forested areas there, take everything around.† (p. 31) Living in the forested areas is more earnestly work, getting food and manufacture fires to remain warm, yet Huck doesn’t mind fill in as long as he can do it how he needs to. Huck is continually conflicting with society and can't liv...

Best Books of June 2016 Read by Book Rioters

Best Books of June 2016 Read by Book Rioters We asked our contributors to share the best book they read this month. We’ve got fiction, nonfiction, YA, and much, much more- there are book recommendations for everyone here! Some are old, some are new, and some aren’t even out yet. Enjoy and tell us about the highlight of your reading month in the comments. A Rage for Order by Robert F. Worth (Pan McMillan, 2016) In the slew of books about the post-Arab Spring Middle East, rarely has anyone captured the humanity of the struggle within so eloquently. Worth is a former Beirut bureau chief for the New York Times who spent a decade reporting on the region, and this book isn’t a historical study. Instead it captures the narratives of revenge, sectarianism, corruption and religious fervor that run through the wars and revolutions in Egypt, Libya, Syria and Yemen through the lives of ordinary people, from an interrogator with a Libyan militia who finds himself charged with the government torturer who killed his brother, to two women, one Sunni and one Alawite, in Syria whose friendship disintegrates with the uprising in Syria, to Tahrir Square in Egypt’s brief promise of egalitarianism, and how it all fell apart. Kareem Shaheen An African in Greenland by Tété-Michel Kpomassie translated by James Kirkup Good bananas, I learned a lot from this book, which is the memoir of a man from a small African village who spends the better part of a decade getting to Greenland and then several years in Greenland, just generally be a badass and being 100% down for whatever adventures come his way. Like, I learned that if you go to Greenland and knock on a stranger’s door they’ll say, “What’s up, come in and eat raw blubber and also live here now,” and then you’ll be like, “Sure, cool, thanks,” and sleep in a bed with their entire family for several months, no big deal. An African in Greenland was just straight up fun and interesting and one of the better memoirs I’ve read in my decades on this planet. Tracy Shapley Bone Dance: A Fantasy for Technophiles by Emma Bull (Ace, 1991) This book blew my socks off. I grabbed it on a whim, expecting some basic 90s sci-fi, and it was so much better than I anticipated. Bone Dance is your typical post-apocalyptic story, and a lot of the expected tropes are there, but there’s so much more to it. The main character, Sparrow, survives in the gritty, deal-driven world of the Night Fair by tracking down books, movies, and audio recordings that have become precious (and sometimes forbidden) relics. But when a customer requests information about the Horsemen â€" the mysterious figures whose mind-control powers are rumored to have brought about the apocalypse â€" things quickly spin out of control. The plot is fast-paced and entertaining, and at the same time delves into issues of gender, sexuality, asexuality, morality, choice, and personal autonomy. This is a great pick for anyone who enjoys character-driven, thoughtful sci-fi. Zoe Dickinson Eleven Hours by Pamela Erens The currently pregnant should not read this book. Everybody else should at least consider it. It’s a powerful portrayal of childbirth, about what happens when expectations don’t meet reality and what it’s like to face giving birth on one’s own. With the exception of flashbacks that explain the lives of the two main characters one woman in labor and another working as her nurse the entire novel takes place in the hospital. It’s the best, most-detailed depiction of labor I’ve ever read. I wish we had more books like these. -Rebecca Hussey Every Man Dies Alone by Hans Fallada, translated by Michael Hofman This is an absolutely devastating novel about Otto and Anna Quangel, an older working-class German couple during World War II who wrote anti-Nazi messages on postcards and left them around Berlin. The two work on their own, not part of any larger resistance movement, and they have no way of knowing whether their messages are having any effect. It gets off to a slow start, as the Quangels start their work and the authorities begin to take notice and sift through various suspects to find the culprits. But the later chapters, as the Quangels explain their actions and decide how to deal with the consequences are terrifying and wrenching. Based on the true story of Otto and Elise Hampel and first published in 1947, this book sends a powerful message about the importance of speaking up for good, regardless of the results. -Teresa Preston The Good Divide by Kali VanBaale It’s been a long time since I’ve read an adult novel that gave me the same kind of feelings that Ann Patchett’s The Magician’s Assistant my all-time favorite book does each time I read it. VanBaale’s story, though, did that very thing. Set in two time periods, one in the 1950s and one in the 1960s, this is the story of Jean Krenshaw, a young Wisconsin farmer’s wife. It follows as she begins a relationship with her husband while longing for her husband’s brother, Tommy. When Tommy marries a girl from the city of Madison with dark skin and who has never once lived on a farm, Jean has to come to terms with this long-standing crush . . . especially as Tommy and his wife occupy the house across the road, on the same farm, that they do. VanBaale explores so many rich terrains in this book. Aside from family secrets and jealousy, she develops and incredible look at small-town farm life in Wisconsin, the challenges that women experienced acquiring medical care and abortion during this time period, and, perhaps the part that really struck me, the ways in which mental illness went unspoken and hidden. This literary title from a small press is totally worth your time.   Kelly Jensen Homegoing by Yaa Gyasi By now, you have heard several Rioters rave about this book, and you are sure to hear about it from several more. Possibly the best book of the year, this amazing novel stomped my heart flat with its wrenching story of sisters and slavery. Spanning three hundred years, Homegoing follows the stories of two half-sisters in Ghana one made a wife, one made a slave and the lives of their offspring in several countries, and throughout wars and jealousies, births and deaths. Gyasi’s writing is astoundingly remarkable. The fact that this is her first novel is almost incomprehensible, because it’s perfect. Liberty Hardy Infectious Madness by Harriet A. Washington I have a longstanding interest in the biological underpinnings of mental illness and so couldn’t resist checking out Harriet Washington’s Infectious Madness: The Surprising Science of How We “Catch” Mental Illness from the library when I first learned of it earlier this month. As the title implies, the book delves into a large body of research pointing to an infectious cause behind many cases of so-called mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and OCD. With cool rationality, Washington challenges the predominant psychiatric paradigm of talking cures and antipsychotics while providing readers with an entertaining and informative introduction to the microbes that like to mess with our heads. -Kate Scott Infomocracy by Malka Older This is exactly the kind of imaginative, speculative fiction we need more of. It is set in a weird future version of our world, and while Older has done all her homeworkbuilding a fully-fleshed world with technologies, subcultures, and political systems that are creative and plausiblebut she mercifully doesn’t force the reader to endure that homework. (Too many science fiction and fantasy authors display their worldbuilding like a badge, when in fact their books would be better off if they made that world a setting for an interesting story rather than the point itself. But I’ll get off my soapbox now.) Older’s book is set in a future where the management of information and the exercise of political power are intertwined in ways both deeply odd and oddly familiar, and its plot makes the most of that world by following two protagonists as they try to unravel a possible conspiracy (or maybe several). It’s thrilling and thoughtful, ambitious and modest. And it’s also a lot of f un. Derek Attig In the Country We Love by Diane Guerrero Holy damn, this book is good. Guerrero tells the harrowing story of living in fear of her parents being deported, until one day, when she is 14, it finally happens. This book is raw, powerful, and so, so important. As a Latina sister (also from Colombia) I applaud Guerrero for having the courage to tell her story. Nicole Froio The Land of Enchantment by Leigh Stein (Plume / August 2, 2016) Leigh Steins The Fallback Plan resonated with me so much, I couldnt resist when I saw she wrote a memoir. Add that its her way of sifting through an abusive relationship, and Im all in. The story alternates among tales before, during, and after the relationship. They spontaneously move to New Mexico, the Land of Enchantment, and from there, its a downward spiral. He’s dangerous, can’t hold a job, and tells her she needs to see a therapist because she’s a bummer. Then he steals her anxiety medication and snorts it. Stein writes this story so beautifully and honestly. She knows her boyfriend is abusive, but she craves him anyway. She knows shes worth more, but shes afraid of taking a leap. Until she does. And then her life really begins. Ashley Holstrom Let It Shine by Alyssa Cole   Really exceptional historical romance can remind us that love existed even in the times in our history that are darkest and most pivotal. In Let It Shine, Alyssa Cole’s Civil Right movement-focused novella, Cole reminds readers once again that weighty topics and love stories are not mutually exclusive. The story considers anti-semitism, violence, feminism, religion, family, and love. Cole writes about the best and worst parts of human nature, and she manages to do it in about 150 pages. Let It Shine is excellent and significant because of the fact that it’s a romance, not in spite of it. Trisha Brown The Troop by Nick Cutter I was in a bit of a reading slump, having experienced multiple false starts, where I realized what it was that I really needed: something fun that would fill me with creeping horror. Nick Cutter has gotten the job done for me in the past, with The Deep. The Troopâ€"about a Boy Scout troop stranded on an island with something truly awfulâ€"was even more satisfying. I’m still having nightmares. Steph Auteri Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova (Sourcebooks / September 6 2016) Brujas! Family love! Creepy monsters! Girls who love girls! A boy made of sunlight! Zoraida Cordovas Labyrinth Lost was a fun and fast-paced venture through another world. After trying to eradicate her magic during her Deathday celebration, bruja Alex is forced into Los Lagos to rescue her family. Alexs quest is as much a poignant discovery of herself and her place in the world as it is about saving her family, and combined with a beautiful splash of romance, made for the perfect summer fantasy read. Nicole Brinkley Grunt by Mary Roach Mary Roach is one of the few writers that I just wait around, twiddling my thumbs, waiting for her to publish a new book.  I don’t even care what the book is about.  In fact, I’m pretty sure when I pre-ordered my copy of Grunt, all I knew about it was the title. Mary Roach is a must-read for people like me… people who are fascinated about science but aren’t necessarily knowledgeable on the topic. As in all of her books, Roach explained the science of how the military life impacts human beings in a way that was both hilarious and completely lacking in condescension.  She holds her reader’s hands through complex scientific explanations without them ever feeling as they’re being talked down to. Grunt isn’t my favorite Mary Roach (Stiff will always take that spot in my heart), but she didn’t fail at bringing her particular brand of irreverence, humor and intelligence to a topic I previously found myself ambivalent about. Elizabeth Allen The Passion of the Purple Plumeria by Lauren Willig A romp! A romp, I tells ye! This is the first Pink Carnation book I’ve read, and I was shocked by how easy it was to slip into this well-established series. It’s filled with action, romance, and plenty of swashbuckling, as a modern-day scholar and two 18th-century spies try to find a cache of priceless jewels. Although there was a lot going on (modern-day storyline, Gwen’s novel, the historical storyline), and I’m not sure 2/3rds of it was really necessary, it didn’t detract from the central story at all. I’ll definitely be picking up more books in this series, because swashbuckling ladies who meet their match and fall in love is my catnip. â€"Tasha Brandstatter The Readers of Broken Wheel Recommend by Katarina Bivald I kept putting this one off because the premise didn’t really grab me, but holy cats, I wish I hadn’t! This book about a young woman from Sweden who goes to Iowa to meet her bookish penpal (an old woman who we quickly learn has died) just sucked me right into its strange little world. Such a glorious, quaint, funny story. Probably will end up buying a print copy because I keep wanting to underline the beautiful little statements peppered throughout this one. -Amanda Kay Oaks Self-Inflicted Wounds: Heartwarming Tales of Epic Humiliation by Aisha Tyler Some people listen to their inner voice. Some people tell it to shut the hell up, hold my beer, and watch this! Aisha Tyler is one of the latter. A true comedienne, her book is one tale after another of bad decisions that make great stories. Tyler tells us what she learned through each experience, even if the thing she learned is that even though she may repeatedly make the same mistakes, she’ll have a heck of a story to tell at the end of it. This book caused me to laugh, cringe, and then snort with laughter again. Patricia Elzie Stiletto by Daniel O’Malley (Little, Brown and Company) I hadn’t planned to pick this book up. Paranormal secret agents in London merging with their ancient enemies, a bunch of mad scientists from Europe? Eh, not my thing, I thought.  I was so wrong. I haven’t been able to put Stiletto down. It’s funny, and gross, and imaginative, and weird, and it keeps me up late at night because it’s such a page-turner. This is the sequel to O’Malley’s first novel, The Rook, which I haven’t read, so I can verify that it stands alone. A.J. O’Connell The Sun is Also a Star by Nicola Yoon (Delacorte Press, November 1) I fell in love with Yoon’s debut novel, Everything, Everything. It was just what I needed to read at the time that I read it. When I saw her next book at BEA, I couldn’t wait to get my hands on it. I just wanted it around for a day when I needed a boost. It’s a completely different kind of novel.  There are two primary narrators, along with occasional breaks for backstory on peripheral characters. It takes place, mostly, in the course of just one day. For the two main characters, Natasha and Daniel, it’s one of those life-changing days. It isn’t all sunshine and rainbows, but I found it to be a much needed reminder in the power of hope. Cassandra Neace The Transmigration of Bodies by Yuri Herrera, translated by Lisa Dillman ( Other Stories, July 5, 2016) I’d recommend this book for the nicknames alone: The Redeemer, Romeo, Neanderthal, Three Times Blonde and (my favorite) The Unruly. Every character gets one because why the hell not? And what Yuri Herrera calls his characters is just one of the many details that had me falling hard for this book. A deadly disease, transmitted by mosquitoes, has the city under siege.  The protagonist, known as The Redeemer, has been summoned by a local crime boss, a.k.a. the Dolphin, to arrange a hostage exchange. A rival family has the Dolphin’s son and the Dolphin has taken their daughter in retaliation. Bad stuff is about to go down.  But of course there’s more to the story than what The Redeemer is being told. Herrera transforms elements of Shakespearean tragedy, dystopian fiction and hard-boiled crime into something truly original (and under 112 pages). My perfect read for a hot summer day. Tara Cheesman We Were Liars by E. Lockhart I know I am way late to this bandwagon, but this book blew me away. I listened to the audiobook and frequently ended up sitting in my apartment parking lot for twenty or more minutes after arriving home because I couldn’t stop. I am so glad I managed to avoid spoilers on this one, and I don’t really know how to talk about it without giving too much away. This book is full of terrible and beautiful people and is wildly compelling with gorgeous, heartbreaking writing. It is a true experience that will leave you feeling hollowed out and loving it. Sarah Nicolas You Cant Touch My Hair: And Other Things I Still Have to Explain by Phoebe Robinson (Plume, Oct. 11) An utter delight of a book, from Jessica Williams forward to Phoebe Robinson’s last page. You Can’t Touch My Hair is a collection of essays dripping in humor, honesty, and pop-culture references that weaves effortlessly between important conversations about race/gender to silly conversations like ranking U2 members for bow-chicka-wow-wow purposes. And if Jessica Williams doesn’t have a book deal yet someone needs to get on that. Jamie Canaves

You Make The Call

You Make The Call Back in the good ol days (winter of 1983 to be exact) there was a commercial that ran during football season titled You make the call. The idea was to show you a controversial play where a penalty has occured and just before youre told how the ref rules, the screen freezes and a voice bellows YOU MAKE THE CALL. So boys and girls, guess what game we are going to play today? You guessed it Admissions: You Make The Call. So you think youve got what it takes to admit the Class of 2010 to a highly selective college or university? How hard can it be? All you need to do is admit the best students with the highest grades, right? It sounds easy until you realize that you need to balance many factors and enroll a diverse class that reflects the values and goals of your institution. For a moment, lets put racial and ethnic diversity to the side. With that said, what does diversity mean to an Admissions Selection Committee? Here are just a few ways that diversity will affect the way youre going to shape the class. ADMISSIONS 101 Can they do the work here? Will they thrive academically? Do their grades and scores support this? If you answered yes to all three, great youve just described the vast majority of our applicant pool. Now consider the following: Gender Equity. Have you taken care to admit qualified women in enough numbers to reflect the applicant pool? Geographic Diversity. Have you ensured that your admitted class is as global as your applicant pool? Intellectual/Academic Diversity. Despite the stereotypes, everyone admitted to MIT will not be an engineering major. Dont over-enroll. Per MIT policy, all freshmen are required to live on campus in their freshman year. And no one wants to spend his or her first year of college sleeping in the kitchen of New House. The IT factor Cool kids doing cool things that really add to the richness of the student body. In other words, finding the people who are going to go out and change the world somehow, not just those with good grades and scores. Now that you have controlled for those factors, please remember to act affirmatively and admit solid numbers of well-qualified, under-represented minority applicants. (Remember, this is not up for debate, interpretation or discussion. MIT as a matter of public record and policy is a staunch supporter of Affirmative Action.) OK. Are you ready to make some decisions? Im going to ask you to go the following website and act as an Admissions Officer for a fictional College or University. Please click here. (Warning this site does require a broadband connection.) After a short video, you will be asked to review five candidates and to admit two, deny two and waitlist one. Ive participated in this exercise and found it quite interesting. After youve finished the evercise, please come back and let us know your choices, and more importantly, the reasons for your decisions. In addition to the brief directives provided in the video clip, remember those factors that I touched upon earlier in this entry, AND the fact that we review more than 10,000 applications for a class of ~1000. Enough from me. Tell me what you think!

The Freedom Of Food And Shelter - 921 Words

Human rights are basic rights that we all are entitled to because we are humans. It is minimum protections and rights that a person needs to have to get by in life. According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 25 states â€Å"Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well- being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.† These rights are essential to him and his children as a means of survival. The freedom to food and shelter is an essential human right because everyone should have the right to have enough food and shelter despite their situation. Without these basic necessities their life is on the line. His children and him are protected under this right they have the right to be cared for. According to Article 23 he is also protected against being discriminated against. â€Å"Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work†. The factory manager cannot discriminate against him because of his gender. Additionally, the children and him are entitled to compensation of death benefits. They were dependent on their mom when she was alive as she was the only one who earned a wage. As a result, of her death they are negatively impacted and left with no means ofShow MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of The Arts And Science Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesIn Metaphysics 1.1 , Aristotle claims â€Å"All men by nature desire to know† (980a) and that this knowledge is freedom. Shortly after claiming man’s want to have knowledge, he begins to distinguish between man and animal; all animals have the knowledge of sense - feeling the cold of a snowflake, or the seeing the sun go down - this all beings have. Aristotle then goes on to describe additional types of knowledge that become more exclusive to the human experience as they go further. Memory knowledge,Read MoreEssay The Importance of Fallout Shelters1039 Words   |  5 PagesA fallout shelter is a shelter that was used in a time of need. From 1947 to 1991, fallout shelters were a big hit during the Cold war. The fallout shelter represents the atomic age and how families got through nuclear attacks. A lot was contributed in the making of these shelters, and they kept families together. Time and effort to keep America safe is what made these shelters important to American History. Not only are the fallout shelters a symbol of the cold war and fear, but it also significantlyRead MoreHenry David Thoreau : Civil Disobedience933 Words   |  4 Pagesillustrates the benefits of living a simplified lifestyle. Thoreau also describes his project as an act of self-reliance and practicing his faith as a Transcendentalist. As well as, Thoreau believes in minimizing one’s needs to four necessities which is food, shelter, clothing and fuel, all four of these are readily found in nature. Furthermore, Thoreau argues his view on the benefits of a simplified lifestyle, self-reliance, and his necessities can be found in nature. Additionally, Thoreau asserts that excessRead MoreThe Main Reason For Runaway And Homeless Youth Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe main reason for runaway and homeless youth in the U.S. is because of the lack of freedom within their homes. Runaway youth are usually teenagers and are perfectly capable of thinking rationally about short term and long term effects of their decision to leave home. Therefore, runaway youth leave their homes and lead a successful life out in the real world. Agencies like WaveC.R.E.S.T enable teens to think running away is fine. â€Å"Thousands of children, dirty, malnourished and alone, boardedRead MoreUnderground Railroad Essay Outline1333 Words   |  6 Pagesplantations in the middle of the night and taking the Underground Railroad to the Northern Territory where they would become a free African American man or woman. Before and during the American Civil War, a unique program to help slaves escape and move to freedom was called the Underground Railroad. The success of Underground Railroad was achieved through generous people such as Harriet Tubman. The term Underground Railroad started in the 1830s but according to George Washington complained inRead MoreIs Subsistence A Basic Right?899 Words   |  4 Pageswhen countries compose and declare laws and rights for their people. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, written by the countries of United Nations in 1948, does not mention the rights to necessities of existence such as: food, water, shelter, etc (â€Å"The Universal Declaration†). Basic rights are a foundation for other rights to grow upon because it encompasses many different aspects of rights that humans need. Acknowledging subsistence as a basic right is imperative because it supportsRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesinflicting harm or injury on animals. Unintentional cruelty, however, is usually less noticeable and reported. Unintentional cruelty involves neglect, which is when an animal is not provided with the basic needs to survive. These needs include w ater, food, shelter, or veterinary care. This unintentional cruelty could stem from an owner lacking important information on caring for an animal. However, the legal definitions and consequences of animal cruelty differ from state to state. This paper focuses onRead MoreFood Festivals Disaster Preparedness Emergency Preparedness Plan1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Charlotte Food Festival is prepared to organize a food-based event that affords the attendees a great experience in a safe and efficient manner. An emergency action plan is a formal written plan, developed by the sponsor, that identifies potential emergency conditions at the event site and prescribes the procedures to be followed to minimize or prevent loss of life and property (Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, n.d, pg.3). Therefore, the committee will develop an emergency action planRead MoreHuman Rights : An Essential Human Right984 Words   |  4 Pages(UDHR) states that everyone of us is born equal and free r egardless of nationality, place of residence, gender, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language or other status (UDHR). The freedom to food and shelter is an essential human right because everyone should have the right to have enough food and shelter without these basic necessities your life is on the line. The right to no torture is an extremely important human right even in this day in age people are being tortured and suffering brutalityRead MoreRefugee Life And Its Effects On Society1021 Words   |  5 PagesWhat’s refugee? Refugee are people fleeing conflict or persecution and their life and freedom are at risk. In 1985 theirs big fight between community and government. Bhutan is small country rule by King. Why people have to leave their country Bhutan? Everyone should be follow king rule. Community people don’t want to join their culture and left own culture. Since 1985-1989 community don’t want join theirs culture so, king give order to leave their country as refuge life in Nepal and their known as

English as a Second Language (ESL) for Teachers and Students

John Nash s A Beautiful Mind - 862 Words

As someone who has always found mental illnesses very intriguing the film â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† never fails to tug at my emotions. John Nash, a brilliant mathematician, faces a series of struggles due to his bad case of schizophrenia that makes him believe he is a secret agent that is on a very complex mission; this effects not only his work life but family. In this film I felt the attitudes towards John’s disability varied; his wife Alicia did everything she could to support John regardless of the circumstances and how good or bad he was. Other people such as his co-workers and friends gave him pity, and doubted John. They felt once his schizophrenia got to the extent it did, he was helpless and their was no returning back to brilliant man he once was. At first John is unaware of his disability, he thinks everything that is going on in his head is true and everything his â€Å"best friend† Charles whispers into his ear, is a task he must perform. As he becomes more aware of his disease I find him to be at times very impatient with it; he did not want to work with himself to make himself better and he would have to accept his disability before he could improve in any way. As the movie progresses, I do notice the way he works with himself and although the obstacles are still there he channels a way to handle it and accept that what he thinks is there, is not. He learns to cope and he is less stubborn about working with himself so his disability does not restrict him. I feel John isShow MoreRelatedJohn Nash s A Beautiful Mind Essay2034 Words   |  9 Pagesanalyzing is a movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind.† â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† effectively portrays the life of a person living with schizophrenia and offers viewers several understandings on the effects that mental illness has on a person s everyday life. Being a genius does not preclude the possibility that someone has a mental illness, such as schizophrenia, as the case of the ch aracter of John Nash, the mathematician and Nobel Prize winner portrayed in the movie. In â€Å"A Beautiful Mind,† John Nash clearly has schizophreniaRead MoreJohn Nash s A Beautiful Mind926 Words   |  4 PagesA Beautiful Mind is a film about the life of mathematician, John Nash. This film is a window into the world of mental illness, exploring the schizophrenic life of John Nash. This film shows the underlying conflicts that his psychosis displays between personal relationships, being apart of humanity and pursuing his original idea. In this essay, I will explore the struggles that John Nash faces in the pursuit of his dream, creating an original idea. I will focus on the demands of psychologicalRead MoreAnalysis Of John Nash s A Beautiful Mind ( Gazer Howard )923 Words   |  4 Pagesgenuine understanding of the person in order to accurately represent them on screen. In 2001, film makers attempted to translate to screen the life of John Nash in A Beautiful Mind ( Gazer Howard). John Nash, who is a notable figure in the world of academia and mathematics, won the Nobel Prize in economics for his game theory (Nash, 1994). Nash is also widely known for his long-term struggle with mental illness and was diagnosed with schizophrenia during his mid-thirties (Samels MacLowry, 2002)Read MoreJohn F. Nash s A Beautiful Mind Mathematician1448 Words   |  6 PagesEmma Cummings Microeconomics 22 November 2015 John Nash, a Beautiful Mind Mathematician John F. Nash shared the 1994 Nobel Prize with John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten in economics for their work on the theory of non-cooperative games, in other words John Nash received a Nobel Prize for his work in Game theory. Except for one course in economics that he took as an undergraduate, Nash had not any formal training in economics. John Nash had a Ph.D. in mathematics in 1950, but theRead MoreAnalysis Of John Nash s Class We Watched A Beautiful Mind 977 Words   |  4 PagesIn class we watched â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† this movie tells the story of a man named John Nash (Russell Crowe) who is a genius mathematician that eventually finds himself struggling with Paranoid Schizophrenia. â€Å"Schizophrenia is a brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and dis- ordered thinking and behavior (mayoclinic.org)†. John Nash the main character has severe hallu- cinations, in particular with threeRead MoreAnalysis Of John Nash s Class We Watched A Beautiful Mind 843 Words   |  4 PagesIn class we watched â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† this movies has to due with a man named John Nash (Russell Crowe) who a genius mathematician who eventually finds himself struggling with Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a brain disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behavior. John Nash the main character had severe hallucinations, in particular with th ree main people. Although the new DiagnosticRead MoreBrothers Grimm and Beautiful Mind1109 Words   |  5 Pages * A Beautiful Mind Film Analysis A Beautiful Mind Film Analysis This movie is based on the true story of the brilliant mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr. He made remarkable advancements in the field of mathematics at a young age and had a very promising future. Unfortunately, John Nash had problems deciphering the difference betwe Premium 855 Words 4 Pages * Film Analysis: a Beautiful Mind WEEK 3 A Beautiful Mind Film Analysis xxxxxxRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1171 Words   |  5 Pagesrecognize what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, auditory hallucinations, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and lack of motivation. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the person s reported experiences. Genetics and early environment, as well as psychological and social processes, appear to be important contributory factors. Some recreational and prescription drugs appear to cause or worsen symptoms. The many possible combinationsRead MoreAnalysis Of A Beautiful Mind 1197 Words   |  5 PagesI chose the film â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† produced in 2001. The main character is John Forbes Nash, Jr. portrayed by Russell Crowe. The heart, not the mind is where the true meaning of life is found. A mathematical genius who is fixated on finding an original idea to ensure his legacy embarks on a mission with the belief that mathematics will lead him to a higher truth. â€Å"I cannot waste time with these classes and these books, memorizing the weak assumptions of lesser mortals. I need to look through toRead MoreAnalysis Of A Beautiful Mind1293 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautifully Scary Mind Film Analysis on A Beautiful Mind Most people remember having an imaginary friend growing up when they were young, but when that friend or friends appear in your late 20’s or 30’s as they did for John Nash, the Nobel Prize winning mathematician, they are usually called delusions or hallucinations. These are symptoms of schizophrenia and after making a groundbreaking discovery in the field of economics, Nash began experiencing hallucinations of a best friend, federal agents

What Does Equality Mean - 979 Words

What does equality mean to me? It means treating everyone with fairness and respect, but most importantly recognizing the needs of individuals. Thus, free of discrimination, hatred and intolerance. Treating people with respect and dignity is essential in working in a way that promotes equality. It is often said that we learn from our past, but is that really true? Inequality gave existed in our society for thousands of years; from the kings versus the surfs in the medieval times, to the treatment of slaves, to the inequalities of women. Today equality is viewed in many different ways. Therefore, to fully understand equivalence, the opportunity, gender, and economics are some types of equalities that need to be examined. To start with, for equality to be truly achieved every single person on this planet has to have the opportunity to the same access of knowledge and programs, in order for them to succeed. Today, we divide and segregate so much, in terms of being equal for certain groups. For example, you see this often in scholarships for school. Where you are chosen based on your ethnicity; women have a higher chance to win general scholarships, but men have a higher chance to win athletic scholarships. Neither birth, nationality, color, religion, sex nor any other equivale nt characteristics should determine the public opportunities that are open to a person. We offer programs and assistance to rise people up to a level of equal opportunity, but we tend to segregateShow MoreRelated What it Means to be an American Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesWhat it Means to be an American What does it mean to be an American? In my eyes to be an American means to have privileges, rights, and freedom. America isnt perfect, but it is one of the only countries that have rights given to people of different diversities and gender. America does not have tremendous poverty. Instead we have choices given to us by the people who fought and died for the American people. Without George Washington and the other patriots who planted the firstRead MoreFreedom And Its Effect On Society1344 Words   |  6 Pagesin many different levels in our society with freedoms being tested and tried differently in various countries. The term ‘freedom’ as with many things can be interrupted in many different ways with different cultures and religious beliefs affecting what freedoms you may or may not have. we live in a society where we are lucky in that we are able to express our freedoms more widely than a lot of states can. Decisions like going to school or holiday is expressing our freedom without really realisingRead MoreEssay about Natural Equality and Civil Society1272 Words   |  6 PagesNatural Equality and Civil Society According to John Locke in his Second Treatise of Government, natural equality is an essential component of the state of nature; the ‘state of nature being one of peace, tranquility, and equality, where there is no common power guided by reason. However, the lack of common power also supplies an inconvenience for the state of nature– the aptitude to fall into a state of war with no means to escape it. To avoid this inconvenience, Locke findsRead MoreFormal and Substantive Equality1185 Words   |  5 Pagesformal (or procedural) equality and substantive equality. Formal equality is known as the formal, legal equality. This is the equality that is seen as one law should be applied to all people, social and personal characteristics are no factor. Formal equality aims to distribute equality fairly and evenly, and aims to treat people the same. Formal equality does not ensure the wellbeing of individuals based on race, ethnicity, sex, age etc. Unfortunately, this side of equality does not recognize diversityRead MoreEssay on Promote Equality Inclusion1343 Words   |  6 PagesCare UNIT 3 Promote equality and inclusion Knowledge Understanding Workbook Name Date Tutor signature and date Activity 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.3) Explain what is meant by Diversity Diversity means differences between individuals according to their nationality, age, culture, ability, race, sexual preference and religion Equality Equality means fairness and justness of individual rights, giving choices and opportunities in respect of individual needs Inclusion Inclusion means involving everybodyRead MorePrenatal Genetic Testing Should Be Allowed1569 Words   |  7 Pagesprinciple of equality of opportunity and the deontological perspective that people should be treated as ends in themselves, and not merely as a means to an end. This essay will also provide a counter-argument to the position stated in this essay, and further explain why my assertion must stand. John Rawls is a theoretical philosopher, whose theories have largely impacted philosophical discussion surrounding justice and ethics. Rawls’ view of justice focuses on ideas of fairness and equality. A guidingRead MoreGentrification of Class Warfare in East Harlem Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagescapitalism, it does not separate people, it does not go against race, poor and the working class, it wages war on the poor and the working-class. Gentrification of Class Warfare in East Harlem SOCIAL CULTURE What is social class and class warfare ? Class is a in terms of income, wealth, education, status/position, and/or power. Class affects people emotionally and economically. Economically it involves how much money you have, socially, who you know and educationally, what or howRead MoreThe Setting Of Anthem By George Orwell1297 Words   |  6 PagesScience is an allusion because when Equality 7-2521 was doing science experiments, like melting metal, mixing acids, and cutting up bodies of animals, he was becoming a scientist. Government is an allusion because when Unanimity 2-9913 was explaining that the sun would not rise without the plans of the world council, he was talking about the government. Religion is an illusion because in the society that equality 7-2521 lives in, they sing hymns about equality and brotherhood, which is the way theyRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal930 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship. Let’s take a look at some of the arguments opposing marriage equality. One of the leading forces behind the opposition of gay marriage is the Christian community. This is because Christians are taught through the bible that having a relationship with any member of the same sex is a sin. It is stated specifically in Leviticus 18:22 that â€Å"you shall not lie with a male as with a woman, it is an abomination†. But what does Religion have to do with your rights as an American citizen. Sure someRead MoreA Consequentialist Action Is The Moral Worth Of An Act891 Words   |  4 Pageshappiness altogether. One of the most important social roles is conscious gratification in convey what is gendered equality on jobs, in health care, and with education utilizing the utilitarian theory. Acts like changing policies to promote gender equality that utilize skills and knowledge of women for the greatest number of people from the greatest amount of happiness is utilitarianism. Gen der equality ought to be about equal justice. Held (n.d) contrasts the history of male and female ethics in

Time Machine Free Essays

Eliot states that, â€Å"Home is where one starts from, as we get older, the world becomes stranger, the pattern more complicated. † I do agree with T. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Time Machine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eliot, and I do have one story about my past that will prove his quotation. When I was 4 years old, I thought that life was a fairy tale. A typical fairy tale where I would be married to a handsome prince, and we will live happily ever after. Life would be very simple and laid back. All I needed to do was to learn how to read, write, and count numbers. I didn’t have any bills due at the end of every month, and I did not have to work very hard to get what I want. I remember those days where crying gave me everything I desired. I wish that I can stay young forever; however, that is not how life works. Life is about growing up and maturing whether I like it or not. As I get older, things become more complicated, and I learned that not everyone will always stay by my side. Especially my dad who died in the early age of my life. My dad had been a huge art of my life. He molded me and taught me a lot of things about life. I learned that there will come a time where I have to stand up on my own, and not depend on someone to defend me. Time is the only thing that I could never bring back, no matter how hard I try. I Just wish I could make things right with my dad so he would know that I really love and cherish him always. I was seventeen years old when I lost my dad. I could still remember his warm smile that brightened up my darkest day. My dad have a slightly squint-eyes that guided me to the inner side of his soul. With is deeply tanned skin and calloused hands, I could proudly say that he worked hard day and night Just to give my family a better life. One day, a single car crash took away the life of my dad. If I could be with my dad again, I would treasure him more and take another chance to correct my previous mistakes. Regrets make my life miserable in different areas. Never a day that passes by that I do not ask myself, â€Å"What if my dad were still alive? † This thinking drives me crazy, and I wish I could travel back in time so I could make some changes; however, that is Just an illusion. Time is the only thing that we could never bring back, no matter how hard we try. I just wish I could make things right with my dad so he would know that I really love and cherish him always. My dad worked odd Jobs, took night classes to get his high school diploma, and raised us with love and discipline. I knew I wasn’t an easy kid but he never complained, not even once. As a teenager, I always envied my classmates who have everything they ever wanted in life. Their parents were executives, ambassadors, or celebrities. One time, I saw Tiffany bragging about her Calvin Klein lack leather Jacket, a white mid-thigh length Dolce and Cabana sundress, and a pair of knee-high Giorgio Airman leather black boots. I felt insecure when I looked at myself, wearing my usual clothing; baggy t-shirt and Jeans. When I got home, I excitedly ran and knocked on my parent’s room. My dad gestured his arms widely so I could give him a warm hug. With a big smile, I asked my dad if he could buy me some beautiful clothes so that I could feel beautiful like the other girls in my class. His face suddenly changed and I could trace the confusion from his eyes. With a gentle and raring voice, he told me that real beauty is about being comfortable in my own skin. It is about knowing and accepting who I really am. It is not measured by the brand of clothes I wear nor the amount of cosmetics I put on. Inner beauty comes from the inside and captivates the heart of a true person. I could see the sincerity in his eyes as he looked at me with integrity. I could sense the emotion and honesty in every word that he say. The 21st of August, 2013, is the most unforgettable tragedy in my life because that is the day when my dad passed away. The moment I woke up to repaper for school, my mom knocked at my door and with a shaky, yet gentle voice she told me that my father died in a car crash back in the Philippines. When I heard that, I was speechless; I was lost. My body violently shook, the fear ran cold in my veins. I broke out in a nervous sweat, but I could not stop shivering like I was suddenly in southern part of Antarctica. My fingers had held a vice grip onto the legs of my tights, my nails dug holes into the seams. Tears drenched in every inch of my face, all over my cheeks, and over my chin. Liquid ran down my neck and devoured y clothes beneath it. I wanted to stop shaking; I wanted to be able to breathe again. I could not believe that my dad is gone and I could not do anything because I am in America. All off sudden, our happy memories started to play in my mind. I remember when he went to my high school graduation; he was so proud of me because I was one of the top students. My dad and I went to the salon to get ready for my graduation. We rarely visit salons and malls due to lack of budget, but this time he said that he could buy me a new shoes because I did a great Job in school. He wore his favorite polo with a Ana blue neck tie and his hair is brushed on one side. When the principal called my name, he proudly stood up and accompanied me to the stage. My dad walked on the stage with a smile that is brighter than the sun, he hung the shiny gold medal on my neck. I felt like I am on cloud nine. The flowers danced and rejoiced over my success. I heard the people clapped their hands while the principal announced all the achievements that I had during my high school years. I remembered the day when we were at the airport, the day when I last saw my dad’s beautiful face. We did not have any conversation on our way to the airport. The car was filled with silence and I felt the sadness in his eyes. I have a lot of things that I want to tell him, but I could not figure out what words would exactly fit the emptiness and grief that I am feeling inside. The moment that I laid my feet on the airport, my shoulders became heavier, hours became minutes, and minutes became seconds. The lady announced that we have to fall in line because our plane would depart in less than fifteen minutes. My dad held my hands and hugged me. I saw my ad’s tears ran down his cheeks, but he tried his best not to cry in front of me. His once tanned face became red and looked like he would burst in tears in Just a matter of seconds. His red lips became pale and his hands are shaking. He ran his fingers through my hair and put it beneath my ears. My dad looked at me with sincerity and told me that he loved me. The words were so heartwarming that it left me with tears. I did not want to look at him anymore because it would only make me cry harder. Those memories would forever be treasured in my heart. I would never forget those detersives moments that I had with him. I regret many things in life. If only I could go back in time; then I wouldn’t have to worry anymore. I could be with my loved ones for as long as I could. I would make our time together to be as memorable as possible. I could correct those errors, and maybe my dad would know how much I loved him before he died. Since time machines do not exist, all I could do is to accept the fact that everybody would leave me; nobody would stay with me forever. Death leaves a heartache no one could heal, and love leaves a memory no one could steal. Without all those trials and circumstances, I would never be the person that I am right now: stronger and braver than I was before. What I did wrong before is that I never treasured the people that surrounded me. I thought they would be with me forever so I took them for granted. Life is so unpredictable, which makes it challenging. Growing up is not easy especially when a huge part of my life is gone; however, that is how life works. People come and go no matter what happen. The main question is, are we prepared to lose someone during our Journey in life? 1 572 words How to cite Time Machine, Essays

What can you learn about Roosevelt from this Source Free Essays

string(71) " Tax and did not have to pay for the Social Security of their workers\." What can you learn about Roosevelt from this Source? Explain your answer, using details from the source. (6 marks) One thing that I think you can learn from source A about Roosevelt is that he was clearly a kind and caring man. Although Source A has been taken out of context it is clear that the writer of this letter thought that Roosevelt was a very fine president. We will write a custom essay sample on What can you learn about Roosevelt from this Source? or any similar topic only for you Order Now From source A we can assume that the writer of this letter was having difficulties and was having trouble extending his mortgage so he wrote to the president asking for help. We can then assume that the President sent a letter in reply saying that he will send one of his workers or acquaintances to try and help the man/ woman get their house/furniture back for them. This shows that Roosevelt was very considerate and did not set himself back from the ordinary people of America. With acts like these, he inspired the American people and gave them courage throughout the Depression and Second World War. Though there are many things that can be learnt from source A about Franklin D. Roosevelt, there are still important things that cannot be learnt. We cannot learn whether the writer of this letter previously knew the President or find out who he or she was. Another important thing that we cannot find out from source A is the precise facts of what went on, i.e. was the house gong to be repossessed? Or what were his or her financial details? Without this information, it is hard to find out whether Roosevelt would have been as generous to everyone as he was to this person. Question 2 – Study sources B and C How far do these two sources differ in their view of Roosevelt as president? Explain your answer-using details from the sources and your own knowledge. (7 marks) Sources B and C differ in many ways. For example, one is anti-Roosevelt, and one is pro-Roosevelt. The cartoons were both drawn in the mid-1930’s but source C clearly attacks Roosevelt while source B is optimistic and shows that Roosevelt is trying to remove the bad and clean America up. These sources are both cartoons that are opposite and show the views that were circulating at that time. Source B shows that the treasurer is counting the cost of this clean up and shows that FDR is ready for work as his sleeves are rolled up, and portrays him as a very dedicated president. The cartoon for source B shows FDR carrying out his promises, one of these were to take ‘action and action now!’ Roosevelt worked alongside the Brain Trust, which was a group of experts, which passed new laws; one of these was called ‘The New Deal’. America’s economy was in such a state that Roosevelt was given emergency powers and with these he carried out his three aims which were: Relief, Recovery, and Reform. Roosevelt was prepared to provide a large amount of Government money to relieve the poor but to raise Government money taxes had to be raised and this, along with many other factors, is why the rich did not like FDR. In the mid-1930’s the newspapers were not in support of FDR, neither were businessmen and the Republicans, this was because they thought for one, that the New Deal would be making people lazy, and certain people would just depend on Government help and handouts. They also did not like the New Deal, as it was the well off that had to pay for the Social Security of their workers. Source C differs from source B completely, as source C shows the taxpayer’s money is being completely wasted and that all of the money that is getting put into the New Deal is not giving a just return. It shows that the actual New Deal has flaws in it that make the New Deal dysfunctional, whereas source B is pro-Roosevelt and shows that he is cleaning up the mess that President Hoover left America in. Source B shows that FDR is getting rid of all of the promises and things that Hoover was unable to carry out and things that were associated with Hoover. Source C and Source B can be seen as the rich and the poor people’s views at this time of American history. Source C as the rich and Source B as the poor and those affected by the Great Depression. Source B shows that FDR is clearing the old (bad) and making way for the new (good). He is giving moral to the citizens by showing them how to forget the past and to focus on the future. The sources differ, and another way of explaining this is the way in which source B states the year that the cartoon was drawn and says who it was by, whereas source C shown the cartoon and assumes that it was drawn in the mid 1930’s but does not say who by. Question 3 – Study sources D and E Which source is more reliable on the popularity of Roosevelt as president? Explain your answer, using details from the source and your own knowledge. (8 marks) The source that I think is more reliable on the popularity of Roosevelt as president is source E, I think for the following reasons. Source D is written by Roosevelt himself and shows his view on the previous government and what they did not do. He says and acknowledges that the previous government was dysfunctional and says that America had to go through nine years of allusions that Hoover and his government put forth. Roosevelt says that ‘powerful influences’ (businessmen, rich and Republicans) are still trying to bring back the old government that ‘failed’ and did not care for the ordinary people of America. This is probably because they did not have to pay as much money for Tax and did not have to pay for the Social Security of their workers. You read "What can you learn about Roosevelt from this Source?" in category "Papers" FDR states that government by organised money, i.e. rich businessmen, is as dangerous as decree by ‘thugs’. He says that it is the first time that he has been hated by these united forces, but he welcomes their hatred. Source E was written by a Republican opponent of the New Deal that clearly damned the New Deal. He says the deal is taking away far too much of ‘their’ money (the tax-payers) in an attempt to reap equality he also says that this is a defiance of all the ideas upon which our civilisation has been founded. He also says that the cautious with money are being taxed while the lazy poor simply inherit. I think that source E is the most reliable source to see how popular was, because it is written by an opponent to FDR and his laws but still says how much FDR is helping to ‘relieve, recover and reform’ those badly affected by the Great Depression. By doing so, it proves that those affected by the Great Depression and those left jobless were greatly helped by Roosevelt and were very fond of him as a president, whereas the republicans and the rich businessmen did not like him at all. So, taking into account that almost everyone in America was affected by the Great Depression and were looking for a president that would help them out, FDR would have been extremely popular with the general population, excluding the rich, which were at this time a minority. Source E, as written by an anti-FDR citizen shows this, which is why I have chosen source E as the most reliable source. Question 4 – Study sources F and G Which source is more useful for assessing the success of Roosevelt’s New Deal? Explain your answer, using details from the source and your own knowledge (8 marks) The source that I think is more reliable on the popularity of Roosevelt as president is source G, I think for the following reasons. Source G shows a table that illustrates the performance of the US economy during the 1930s and from this chart it is clear to see some very important facts about the great depression and how it affected the labour force and the unemployed people of America in the 30s. It is very useful because you can easily see the evidence and Information of the facts of the depression and what the new deal achieved. Source G is more useful than the other source because it shows how successful the new deal actually was, it also allows us to see how much unemployment was reduced and was the new deal actually achieved. Source G shows us that that when the Second World War occurred countries were in high demand of manufactured goods and that is how America was lifted out of the depression. It also shows us that the graph on source G shows us that the new deal continually needed money to be pumped into it in order to stop the situation getting any worse and hopefully improve it. Source F shows us that the new deal made many citizens happy. Therefore source F shows us how successful the new deal was at gaining popularity from the cartoon, though this is not reliable evidence and a cartoon on the from of an NRA song book can not prove to us that that was the impression of Roosevelt though we can speculate. Source F shows us popularity and is not particularly accurate as it was an artist’s impression and the artist that drew the cartoon would have been commissioned so they would have been made to embellish. Source F is not really an accurate source to analyse Roosevelt’s success. It is not useful because it just shows people marching and shows Roosevelt’s popularity with the people. The two sources show two different types of success of the new deal. but. Source F shows us how successful the new deal was but it is not useful like source g.. Source F does not show us how successful the new deal was it just shows us that it had popularity†¦ Source G therefore shows us more things and is therefore more useful and it is more reliable than source f. Source G shows so much more than source F and is therefore more useful in showing how successful the new deal was and what it achieved. Question 6 – study all of the sources and use your own knowledge. The following are two different views of Roosevelt: (i) He was a great leader, who inspired his country More sources support the interpretation that Roosevelt was a great leader than that he was an inconsistent president. The evidence that supports the interpretation that Roosevelt was an inconsistent president was unreliable. Source C is attacking the New deal. This source is unreliable because many of the newspaper owners were hostile to Roosevelt. Source E is also attacking the New deal but his is unreliable because an opposition of Roosevelt wrote it and it was written at a time when Roosevelt was unpopular. Also sources J and I are attacking Roosevelt but these are also unreliable. From this I can say that the evidence that says that Roosevelt was an inconsistent president is unreliable. From the evidence that suggests that Roosevelt was a good president there are still unreliable sources. An unreliable source A because it could have been written by anyone who supported Roosevelt. Source B is an inaccurate source because we do not know who Drew the carton. Source d is also unreliable because Roosevelt himself wrote the speech. Source F is unreliable because people who supported Roosevelt drew it. But Source G is reliable because it is a government document and therefore unlikely that it would be inaccurate. Source H is reliable because an historian wrote it and therefore the historian would have a balanced opinion because he would have analysed lots of evidence and he was not intimately involved with the depression. From this there are two pieces of evidence that are reliable and support the statement that Roosevelt was a great leader. The best-supported interpretation is that Roosevelt was a great leader, who inspired his country, relieved poverty and distress and dealt with the depression in an imaginative way. How to cite What can you learn about Roosevelt from this Source?, Papers

Digital Business Strategy Next Generation of Insight

Question: Describe about Time Warner, Inc. as the company for this research paper and also discuss for Strategic Management course? Answer: Introduction Hanif and Yunfei (2013) have stated that Porters generic strategy demonstrates how a company pursues competitive advantage across its selected market. Cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and differentiation focus are the major four parts that determines the competitive advantage of the company. In this particular task, the focus would be shed on the adopted generic strategies of the company Time Warner Inc. and how the company has strengthened its generic strategies through complementary strategies that have moved into the existing industry. Apart from that, it is also important to mention the strategies adopted by the company to take entry into the foreign market and the importance of the strategies from several perspectives (Bharadwaj et al., 2013). Significantly, the learner has tried to evaluate the role of the CEOs and the other executives of the company in leading positions of the company for a long-term success. In order to carry on the entire study, Time Warner Inc. has been taken into consideration and this is a global leader in the media and entertainment with enhanced businesses in the television networks and firm and TV entertainment (Time Warner Inc., 2016). The company uses its industry leading operating scale as well as brands to create, package as well as deliver high quality content internationally on a multiple platform basis (Mellahi Frynas, 2015). Defining the strategies for the foreign market entry From the company website, it can be found that the company had the initial aim to become the worlds leading video content company. The company has enough reputation in the existing market as one of the top media and entertainment companies. The benefits for the employees, the employee diversity resource group, adopted green initiatives as well as volunteer programs are strong enough and these are the key factors that have helped the company to take part in the foreign market. The demand of media and entertainment market has been gradually increasing globally and this is one of the major facilities for Time Warner Inc. to expand in different parts of the world. In the year 1990, Time Inc. and Warner Communication merger together to form Time Warner Inc. and this was one of the major strategic decisions for the company to have a strong hold in the existing market (Time Warner Inc., 2016). Prcising the definitions of the changes that are highly required. Specification of how the new working methods will affect particular people and the groups. These two were the base of the adopted strategies that helped the company to take entry into the international market. Offering some of the attractive packages for the employees as well as the customers depending on the need of the market are some of the strong strategies that the company has taken care of. Identifying the strategic approaches for competing internationally The company has been shedding importance on effective approaches in order to compete in the international market. These have been discussed here in details. The company has been planning on preparing the cable bundle to be more attractive. Cable networks like TBS, TNT and CVV generate more than one third of the entire revenue (Time Warner Inc., 2016). Therefore, it is clear enough to say that in order to attract large number of customers and enhance the business presence; the company has been making their package highly attractive. The company as well has planned to cut the guidance and is expecting to earn about an adjusted $6 per share next year but has trimmed the guidance during the call. The company has engaged itself into detail market analysis and this has helped the company. Outlining the ways through which the company gains competitive advantages from international operations. In this part, focus would be shed on the ways through which the company gains competitive advantages from their international operations. The company uses their industry leading scales as well as brands in order to increase investments in the best storytelling. It has been clear from the detailed market analysis that Time Warner Inc. has been highly focusing on its growth for HBO. HBO has been one of the popular channels and this is the home of Game of Thrones. Therefore, it is obvious enough to say that the company would focus on the enhanced collaborative relationship with HBO (Times, 2014). The company has been harnessing several new technologies as well as developing new business models in order to increase the value of their content to the valuable consumers along with the distributors and drive growth for the business. Market analysis has stated that South East Asia and European market are the two most emerging markets of this company and thus they have been designing their strategies likewise. Figure 1: Sales of Times Warner Inc. by geography (Source: Mellahi Frynas, 2015) The company has significantly increased their presence in the most attractive and productive international territories in regards to perceive advantages of growing demand for their content internationally (Time Warner Inc., 2016). From the company profile, it can be found that the company has been optimizing their operating as well as capital efficiency for providing attractive returns to the shareholders. Figure 2: Profitability Ration of Time Warner Inc (Source: Mellahi Frynas, 2015) The company believes that if they do not return an attractive amount to the stakeholders, the stakeholders would not like to invest in the company and this is one of the major concerns of expanding the business in the international level. Figure 3: Income Statement and Revenues of Time Warner, Inc (Source: Mellahi Frynas, 2015) Strategies of the company for competing in the international markets For this specific company Time Warner Inc., cost strategy is the best generic strategy and the company has chosen to be one of the best cost providers due to existing huge needs for differentiation. It is important to mention that there is a need to be competitively priced and thus the company has been planning to revise their present pricing strategy. Bharadwanj et al., (2013) has stated that the company has stiff price competition and this is especially true with the members of the big industry, at the time of offering bundles as well as standalone services that offer individual services at a cheaper rate. Therefore, it can be stated that the company is required to differentiate as well as change its pricing model to a more competitively priced one. Apart from that, it can be found that the industry in which the company operates has become highly standardized, especially with the rapid changes in technology. Moreover, there exist a strong competition among the existing companies an d thus the marketing strategy is required to be designed likewise in order to have maximum customer attention. The internal rivalry of this company is high and thus the company is required to look at this part carefully as this is considered as one of the opportunities of the company to explore. However, it has been found that the buyers power is low and this part demands proper as well as attractive marketing campaigns, so that the customers get to know a lot about the company along with their products as well as services (Times, 2014). If focus is shed on the performing industry, it can be found that the company is among stiff competition and the competitors are Netflix, Vudu, Hulu and Aamazon.com. Therefore, the strategies of the company are required to be differentiated enough, so that the customers prefer this company to the other companies and this could enhance the business growth of the company easily. Role of CEOs and executives of the company in leading and positioning of the company for the long-term business The CEO of Time Warner, Jeffrey Bewkes remarked that, he is confident about the strategy undertaken by his company for Media Corporation. He depicted that the companys earnings per share over the next several years would be double over next several years (Time Warner Inc., 2016). This shows his potential toward the strategic management of the international business. It has been revealed that, over the last four to five years, the CEO has contributed in the growth of the company at approximately 25% a year compound earnings/ share growth (Time Warner Inc., 2016). From the viewpoint of the CEO, the crucial element of his strategic plan for the company is to affiliate and collection of subscriber support for the network of the company (Hanif Yunfei, 2013). These are good strategies, as people are watching more videos throughout the world, they are beginning to like it more and they are getting it on demand, and that is a positive sign for the business. Recommendations of additional strategies for international market The company is doing well for expanding the business globally (Time Warner Inc., 2016). However, more strategic recommendations will help the organization to expand their business through the global market. Based on the 2012 annual report of the company, the company should set its goal to continuously expand their brand in international market. The company should begin to acquire or make partnership with cable networks within the emerging markets including Latin America, as there is only one subsidiary that they have in order to cover the total continent. Therefore, the best interest of Time Warner should be to increase the companys network scope and visibility in the emerging market like Latin America (Mellahi Frynas, 2015). The next recommendation would be selling or shutting down the video game sector of Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The entertainment group should find an alternative to its business model for continuous generation of profit in gaming industry. The company should build on the concept of TV everywhere. The company had undertaken the initiative in 2009. This idea is simple but customers only have the access of content IF which they have in present (Times, 2014). Therefore, the company can offer interactive applications for specific networks after gaining knowledge about the network users, thereby enhancing their consumer volume. The company can sign deals with social networking sites for streaming contents and should differentiate their pricing models for the improvements and customer satisfaction in a global range. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that, Time Warner has established a sustainable position in the industry with the adoption and application of the generic model of globalization. The assignment included the definition of the foreign market entry strategy and how the company has been entered in the international market. The ways by which the company gained strategic competitiveness and benefits in their globalization, the strategies that has been applied by the company for competing in the international market has also been discussed in this study. Finally, some strategic recommendations have been enlisted for further growth and expansion of the company in global market. Reference List Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., Venkatraman, N. (2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights.Mis Quarterly,37(2), 471-482. Hanif, M. I., Yunfei, S. (2013). The role of talent management and HR generic strategies for talent retention.African Journal of Business Management,7(29), 2827. Mellahi, K., Frynas, G. (2015).Global strategic management. Oxford University Press. Time Warner Inc.. (2016). Timewarner.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016, from https://www.timewarner.com/ Times, L. (2014). Time Warner focuses on its growth strategy for HBO. latimes.com. Retrieved 10 March 2016, from https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-time-warner-hbo-20140923-story.html

Spoon †“Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga” free essay sample

Music usually has some  ­instruments, a guy singing, and some clever lyrics, but the arrangement of music is just as vital as the content. So to stay original in a land of cliched content, you must turn to the origin of the music: the noise and how it’s arranged. â€Å"Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga† is the musically inclined patchwork of Spoon, the American indie rock band from Austin, Texas. Selling over 46,000 copies in its first week, Spoon has been climbing a sturdy ladder of success in the music industry. Britt Daniel, the frontman, is a musician with vision. Taking instruments and releasing their cool, cyan flow rather than forcing rushed lyrics into conceptually simple sounds. â€Å"Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga† showcases the interrelatedness of sound – past and present. Songs like â€Å"You Got Yr. Cherry Bomb† have sonorous lyrics, accompanied by lively drums, a steady bass, low brassy buzzing, subtle xylophone work, and a pithy mess of synthesized beats. We will write a custom essay sample on Spoon – â€Å"Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga† or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Daniel’s voice spars with the music and reflects the fiery spunk of the 1950s, jovially careless but full of meaning. The more-recognized â€Å"The Underdog† comes with the same sonic delight, but has a better message: a â€Å"don’t mess with the middleman† attitude that we don’t see often enough. When the songs aren’t sparkling with musical agility, they’re spooking the ears of many as Daniel and Eric Harvey (keyboard, percussion, backup vocals) harmonize around the simple rhythm provided in â€Å"My Little Japanese Cigarette Case.† â€Å"Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga† is not only a feel-good album you’ll use to block out aggravation as you drive, but it’s actually a genre-defying spin on music. A good time to be had. A bad time made good. Good taste all-around.

Rugby And Football Essays (589 words) - Ball Games, Football Codes

Rugby and Football The thick, broad-shouldered athlete breathes heavily and grunts with each step as he and his teammates push mightily against the opposition. His arms are locked over his teammates' shoulders, all of their heads down. The two teams are pushing against each other like two moose fighting over territory. He looks down to see the ball, sitting just in front of his feet. If he could just hook it with his foot and heave it to his teammate behind him... This is what every player in a scrum is thinking while they fight each other for possession. Rugby is the true sport of men, because you wear no pads, and it is even more violent than football; however, football requires that you wear pads, thus being the true sport of want-to-be men. The rules of these similar yet vastly different games are extremely complex, so only the basics are necessary to distinguish the better sport. In football, the primary rule is that you must advance the ball forward by throwing it or running with it. Once a player with the ball is downed, the entire team lines up again, and the ball is snapped to the quarterback. The short pause in-between each down may not seem significant, but it definitely takes its toll on the excitement. In rugby, however, the primary rule is that you can only advance the ball by running with, kicking, or passing it. With passing, though, you can only pass the ball backwards or directly to your side, never forward. Like football, you score by running the ball into the endzone or by kicking it through the uprights. Also, you must touch the ball to the ground for it to count, and it is worth five points. When kicking, the ball can be kicked from anywhere spontaneously. If it passes through the uprights, it is worth three points, as in football. The equipment for the two sports is widely different, with football requiring much more. In football, players must wear a large set of pads, covering most of their body, and a masked helmet. The ball is made up of an inflated rubber bladder, surrounded by stitched leather, and it appears ellipsoidal in shape. Most players now wear cleated or spiked shoes, but flat-soles are often worn for artificial turf surfaces. But rugby, being the true sport of men, uses no pads of helmets. In fact the only equipment that are somewhat similar in both games can be found from the ankles down. Players wear a jersey, usually long-sleeved, athletic shorts, and cleated shoes. The ball has an oval shape to it, and is blunter than a football so that it may easily be bounced and dropkicked. The origins of football trace back to ancient Greece when they played a form of football know as harpaston, and the Romans played a similar game, harpastum. In medieval times, another form of football, calcio, flourished in Italy. Most modern versions of football however, originated in England, where a form of the game was known in the 12th century. Rugby is said to have originated when a boy at Rugby School in Rugby, England picked up and carried the ball during a game of football in 1823. Previously, the rules had only allowed the ball to be kicked. As I said before, rugby is the true sport of men. It is the supreme test of strength, endurance, determination, and agility. Whereas in football, the players are so cocky and greedy about how much money they will make during this game, that most of them do not even work their hardest to win, as long as they make a living.

The Ottoman Empire A Political, Social, and Economic Description and its Relationship to Western Europe

West Nile Virus and the Harmful Mosquito essays

West Nile Virus and the Harmful Mosquito essays Every one knows how deadly and dangerous the West Nile mosquitoes are, from recent researches, news briefs, and newspaper headlines Boy drops dead with mysterious mosquito bites. This paper is going to get down to the bottom of this west Nile is the new boogieman thing, although this is no laughing matter people need to know the dangers of the west Nile mosquito. West Nile mosquitoes have complete metamorphosis. Their life cycle consists of four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. They may lay the eggs singly or in rafts on water, on the sides of containers where water will soon cover, or on damp soil where they can hatch by rainwater or high tides. No one can be quite sure of how far the West Nile mosquito dates back, or where it dates back to, all people know is that the west Nile is here and attacking. It is said that West Nile virus originated in Uganda, but has not been proven true yet. While we are uncertain how West Nile virus arrived in the United States, the most likely explanation is that an infected bird that was imported, or an infected human returning from a country where the virus is common, or a mosquito hitchhiking on an airplane introduced the virus. Outbreaks of the West Nile virus have occurred before in Egypt, Asia, Israel, South Africa, and in some parts of Europe. West Nile virus was first found in the United States in New York City in the fall of 1999. During that outbreak, 61 people became ill. Seven people died of West Nile virus-related infections during this initial outbreak. Since its detection in the United States in 1999, the West Nile virus has been identified in more than 40 states. Among those individuals severely infected, more than 100 deaths have been recorded. Most infections with West Nile virus have been identified in wild birds, but the virus can also infect horses, dogs, cats, domestic rabbits, domestic birds as well as humans. West Nile virus is spread to humans by the ...

Thomas Edison, American Inventor and Showman

Thomas Edison, American Inventor and Showman Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847–October 18, 1931) was an inventor, but more than that he was a showman, a celebrity who made the process of inventing a fascination for the American public. His contributions to many different inventions were by and large joint discoveries, based on generations of previous work, as well as the work of his gifted assistants and accomplished competitors. He was the face of the future, technology, and progress in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Fast Facts: Thomas Edison Known For: Inventor, patent holder, celebrityBorn: February 11, 1847 in Milan, OhioParents: Sam Edison Jr. and Nancy Elliott EdisonDied: October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New JerseyEducation: Three months of formal education, homeschooled until age 12Published Works: Quadruplex telegraph, phonograph, unbreakable cylinder record called the Blue Ambersol, electric pen, a version of the incandescent lightbulb and an integrated system to run it, motion picture camera called a kinetographSpouse(s): Mary Stilwell, Mina MillerChildren: Marion Estelle, Thomas Jr., William Leslie by Mary Stilwell; and Madeleine, Charles, and Theodore Miller by Mina Miller Early Life Thomas Alva Edison was born to Sam and Nancy on February 11, 1847, in Milan, Ohio, the son of a Canadian refugee and his schoolteacher wife. Edisons mother Nancy Elliott was originally from New York until her family moved to Vienna, Canada, where she met Sam Edison, Jr., whom she later married. Sam was the descendant of British loyalists who fled to Canada at the end of the American revolution, but when he became involved in an unsuccessful revolt in Ontario in the 1830s he was forced to flee to the United States. They made their home in Ohio in 1839. The family moved to Port Huron, Michigan, in 1854, where Sam worked in the lumber business. Education and First Job Known as Al in his youth, Edison was the youngest of seven children, four of whom survived to adulthood, and all of them were in their teens when Edison was born. Edison tended to be in poor health when he was young and was a poor student. When a schoolmaster called Edison addled, or slow, his furious mother took him out of the school and proceeded to teach him at home. Edison said many years later, My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me, and I felt I had someone to live for, someone I must not disappoint. At an early age, he showed a fascination for mechanical things and chemical experiments. In 1859 at the age of 12, Edison took a job selling newspapers and candy on the Grand Trunk Railroad to Detroit. He started two businesses in Port Huron, a newsstand and a fresh produce stand, and finagled free or very low-cost trade and transport in the train. In the baggage car, he set up a laboratory for his chemistry experiments and a printing press, where he started the Grand Trunk Herald, the first newspaper published on a train. An accidental fire forced him to stop his experiments on board. Loss of Hearing Around the age of 12, Edison lost almost all of his hearing. There are several theories as to what caused this. Some attribute it to the aftereffects of scarlet fever, which he had as a child. Others blame it on a train conductor boxing his ears after Edison caused a fire in the baggage car, an incident Edison claimed never happened. Edison himself blamed it on an incident in which he was grabbed by his ears and lifted to a train. He did not let his disability discourage him, however, and often treated it as an asset since it made it easier for him to concentrate on his experiments and research. Undoubtedly, though, his deafness made him more solitary and shy in dealing with others. Telegraph Operator In 1862, Edison rescued a 3-year-old from a track where a boxcar was about to roll into him. The grateful father, J.U. MacKenzie, taught Edison railroad telegraphy as a reward. That winter, he took a job as a telegraph operator in Port Huron. In the meantime, he continued his scientific experiments on the side. Between 1863 and 1867, Edison migrated from city to city in the United States, taking available telegraph jobs. Love of Invention In 1868, Edison moved to Boston where he worked in the Western Union office and worked even more on inventing things. In January 1869 Edison resigned from his job, intending to devote himself full time to inventing things. His first invention to receive a patent was the electric vote recorder, in June 1869. Daunted by politicians reluctance to use the machine, he decided that in the future he would not waste time inventing things that no one wanted. Edison moved to New York City in the middle of 1869. A friend, Franklin L. Pope, allowed Edison to sleep in a room where he worked, Samuel Laws Gold Indicator Company. When Edison managed to fix a broken machine there, he was hired to maintain and improve the printer machines. During the next period of his life, Edison became involved in multiple projects and partnerships dealing with the telegraph. In October 1869, Edison joined with Franklin L. Pope and James Ashley to form the organization Pope, Edison and Co. They advertised themselves as electrical engineers and constructors of electrical devices. Edison received several patents for improvements to the telegraph. The partnership merged with the Gold and Stock Telegraph Co. in 1870. American Telegraph Works Edison also established the Newark Telegraph Works in Newark, New Jersey, with William Unger to manufacture stock printers. He formed the American Telegraph Works to work on developing an automatic telegraph later in the year. In 1874 he began to work on a multiplex telegraphic system for Western Union, ultimately developing a quadruplex telegraph, which could send two messages simultaneously in both directions. When Edison sold his patent rights to the quadruplex to the rival Atlantic Pacific Telegraph Co., a series of court battles followed- which Western Union won. Besides other telegraph inventions, he also developed an electric pen in 1875. Marriage and Family His personal life during this period also brought much change. Edisons mother died in 1871, and he married his former employee Mary Stilwell on Christmas Day that same year. While Edison loved his wife, their relationship was fraught with difficulties, primarily his preoccupation with work and her constant illnesses. Edison would often sleep in the lab and spent much of his time with his male colleagues. Nevertheless, their first child Marion was born in February 1873, followed by a son, Thomas, Jr., in January 1876. Edison nicknamed the two Dot and Dash, referring to telegraphic terms. A third child, William Leslie, was born in October 1878. Mary died in 1884, perhaps of cancer or the morphine prescribed to her to treat it. Edison married again: his second wife was Mina Miller, the daughter of Ohio industrialist Lewis Miller, who founded the Chautauqua Foundation. They married on February 24, 1886, and had three children, Madeleine (born 1888), Charles (1890), and Theodore Miller Edison (1898). Menlo Park Edison opened a new laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, in 1876. This site later become known as an invention factory, since they worked on several different inventions at any given time there. Edison would conduct numerous experiments to find answers to problems. He said, I never quit until I get what Im after. Negative results are just what Im after. They are just as valuable to me as positive results. Edison liked to work long hours and expected much from his employees. In 1879, after considerable experimentation and based on 70 years work of several other inventors, Edison invented a carbon filament that would burn for 40 hours- the first practical incandescent lightbulb. While Edison had neglected further work on the phonograph, others had moved forward to improve it. In particular, Chichester Bell and Charles Sumner Tainter developed an improved machine that used a wax cylinder and a floating stylus, which they called a graphophone. They sent representatives to Edison to discuss a possible partnership on the machine, but Edison refused to collaborate with them, feeling that the phonograph was his invention alone. With this competition, Edison was stirred into action and resumed his work on the phonograph in 1887. Edison eventually adopted methods similar to Bell and Tainters in his phonograph. Phonograph Companies The phonograph was initially marketed as a business dictation machine. Entrepreneur Jesse H. Lippincott acquired control of most of the phonograph companies, including Edisons, and set up the North American Phonograph Co. in 1888. The business did not prove profitable, and when Lippincott fell ill, Edison took over the management. In 1894, the North American Phonograph Co. went into bankruptcy, a move which allowed Edison to buy back the rights to his invention. In 1896, Edison started the National Phonograph Co. with the intent of making phonographs for home amusement. Over the years, Edison made improvements to the phonograph and to the cylinders which were played on them, the early ones being made of wax. Edison introduced an unbreakable cylinder record, named the Blue Amberol, at roughly the same time he entered the disc phonograph market in 1912. The introduction of an Edison disc was in reaction to the overwhelming popularity of discs on the market in contrast to cylinders. Touted as being superior to the competitions records, the Edison discs were designed to be played only on Edison phonographs and were cut laterally as opposed to vertically. The success of the Edison phonograph business, though, was always hampered by the companys reputation of choosing lower-quality recording acts. In the 1920s, competition from radio caused the business to sour, and the Edison disc business ceased production in 1929. Ore-Milling and Cement Another Edison interest was an ore milling process that would extract various metals from ore. In 1881, he formed the Edison Ore-Milling Co., but the venture proved fruitless as there was no market for it. He returned to the project in 1887, thinking that his process could help the mostly depleted Eastern mines compete with the Western ones. In 1889, the New Jersey and Pennsylvania Concentrating Works was formed, and Edison became absorbed by its operations and began to spend much time away from home at the mines in Ogdensburg, New Jersey. Although he invested much money and time into this project, it proved unsuccessful when the market went down, and additional sources of ore in the Midwest were found. Edison also became involved in promoting the use of cement and formed the Edison Portland Cement Co. in 1899. He tried to promote the widespread use of cement for the construction of low-cost homes and envisioned alternative uses for concrete in the manufacture of phonographs, furniture, refrigerators, and pianos. Unfortunately, Edison was ahead of his time with these ideas, as the widespread use of concrete proved economically unfeasible at that time. Motion Pictures In 1888, Edison met Eadweard Muybridge at West Orange and viewed Muybridges Zoopraxiscope. This machine used a circular disc with still photographs of the successive phases of movement around the circumference to recreate the illusion of movement. Edison declined to work with Muybridge on the device and decided to work on his motion picture camera at his laboratory. As Edison put it in a caveat written the same year, I am experimenting upon an instrument which does for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear. The task of inventing the machine fell to Edisons associate William K. L. Dickson. Dickson initially experimented with a cylinder-based device for recording images, before turning to a celluloid strip. In October 1889, Dickson greeted Edisons return from Paris with a new device that projected pictures and contained sound. After more work, patent applications were made in 1891 for a motion picture camera, called a Kinetograph, and a Kinetoscope, a motion picture peephole viewer. Kinetoscope parlors opened in New York and soon spread to other major cities during 1894. In 1893, a motion picture studio, later dubbed the Black Maria (the slang name for a police paddy wagon which the studio resembled), was opened at the West Orange complex. Short films were produced using a variety of acts of the day. Edison was reluctant to develop a motion picture projector, feeling that more profit was to be made with the peephole viewers. When Dickson assisted competitors on developing another peephole motion picture device and the eidoscope projection system, later to develop into the Mutoscope, he was fired. Dickson went on to form the American Mutoscope Co. along with Harry Marvin, Herman Casler, and Elias Koopman. Edison subsequently adopted a projector developed by Thomas Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins and renamed it the Vitascope and marketed it under his name. The Vitascope premiered on April 23, 1896, to great acclaim. Patent Battles Competition from other motion picture companies soon created heated legal battles between them and Edison over patents. Edison sued many companies for infringement. In 1909, the formation of the Motion Picture Patents Co. brought a degree of cooperation to the various companies who were given licenses in 1909, but in 1915, the courts found the company to be an unfair monopoly. In 1913, Edison experimented with synchronizing sound to film. A Kinetophone was developed by his laboratory and synchronized sound on a phonograph cylinder to the picture on a screen. Although this initially brought interest, the system was far from perfect and disappeared by 1915. By 1918, Edison ended his involvement in the motion picture field. In 1911, Edisons companies were re-organized into Thomas A. Edison, Inc. As the organization became more diversified and structured, Edison became less involved in the day-to-day operations, although he still had some decision-making authority. The goals of the organization became more to maintain market viability than to produce new inventions frequently. A fire broke out at the West Orange laboratory in 1914, destroying 13 buildings. Although the loss was great, Edison spearheaded the rebuilding of the lot. World War I When Europe became involved in World War I, Edison advised preparedness and felt that technology would be the future of war. He was named the head of the Naval Consulting Board in 1915, an attempt by the government to bring science into its defense program. Although mainly an advisory board, it was instrumental in the formation of a laboratory for the Navy that opened in 1923. During the war, Edison spent much of his time doing naval research, particularly on submarine detection, but he felt the Navy was not receptive to many of his inventions and suggestions. Health Issues In the 1920s, Edisons health became worse and he began to spend more time at home with his wife. His relationship with his children was distant, although Charles was president of Thomas A. Edison, Inc. While Edison continued to experiment at home, he could not perform some experiments that he wanted to at his West Orange laboratory because the board would not approve them. One project that held his fascination during this period was the search for an alternative to rubber. Death and Legacy Henry Ford, an admirer and a friend of Edisons, reconstructed Edisons invention factory as a museum at Greenfield Village, Michigan, which opened during the 50th anniversary of Edisons electric light in 1929. The main celebration of Lights Golden Jubilee, co-hosted by Ford and General Electric, took place in Dearborn along with a huge celebratory dinner in Edisons honor attended by notables such as President Hoover, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., George Eastman, Marie Curie, and Orville Wright. Edisons health, however, had declined to the point that he could not stay for the entire ceremony. During the last two years of his life, a series of ailments caused his health to decline even more until he lapsed into a coma on October 14, 1931. He died on October 18, 1931, at his estate, Glenmont, in West Orange, New Jersey. Sources Israel, Paul. Edison: A Life of Invention. New York, Wiley, 2000.Josephson, Matthew. Edison: A Biography. New York, Wiley, 1992.Stross, Randall E. The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented the Modern World. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2007.